Cervix is lower part of uterus and it connects uterus with vagina. Cervix cancer arises in the cell linings of cervix.
Third most common and second most common among female cancers in India.
Account for 18.3% cases of female cancers and 9.4% of all cancer cases in India
Second most common cause of cancer related deaths in India
World over trend of cervical cancer is decreasing due to proper adoption of hygienic practices and regular screening
New case detected of cervix cancer in India- 123 907 every year
Squamous cell carcinoma – most common
Adenocarcinoma
Mixed carcinomaa
It isn't clear what causes cervical cancer, but it's certain that HPV plays a role. HPV is very common, and most people with the virus never develop cancer. This means other factors — such as your environment or your lifestyle choices — also determine whether an individual will develop cervical cancer.
Many sexual partners, early sexual activity or high risk partner.
Multiple pregnancies
Other sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia
Low immunity like in AIDS, immunosuppressive drugs,
Smoking
Unhygienic menstrual practices
Screening helps in early detection and treatment. Screening helped a lot a decreasing the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer. It is most effective way to reduce the burden of this disease and everyone should be educated regarding potential benefits.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)recommends cervical cancer screening:
21-29 years, every 3 years with cervical cytology alone.
30 -65 years, every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting).
Vaccines are available against most commonly linked HPV types. It should be noted that these vaccines only prevent infection and doesn’t treat infection. To be most effective they should be given before onset of sexual activities. HPV vaccination is recommended for children between 9-12 years. Young teens and adults can be vaccinated up to 26 years, beyond which it is usually not recommended.
No vaccine provides complete protection against all HPV types. Regular cervical cancer screening should be continued as recommended despite vaccination.
Abnormal or excessive vaginal bleeding.
Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odour.
Pelvic pain
Advance disease may cause urinary problem or bowel movement problems or leg swelling.
Colposcopy
Biopsy
Ultrasound
MRI Pelvis- provide better extent of disease in surrounding soft tissues
CT scan/ PET CT- helps to assess extent of nearby and distant disease.
Cystoscopy/ colonoscopy/ examination under anaesthesia – can be planned as per requirement for proper disease staging.
Stage 0 or Carcinoma in situ: :innermost lining of the cervix shows abnormal cells.
Stage 1: limited to cervix
Stage 2: spread beyond the cervix to very nearby structures
Stage 3: spread to the lower third of the vagina/ pelvic side wall/cause kidney problems
Stage 4: spread to the bladder, rectum/other parts of the body
Surgery - Preferred Curative option for early stage cervical cancer upto stage IIa. Radical Hysterectomy with Lymph node excision: Open approach is gold standard, minimal invasive approach can be considered for very small lesions.
Fertility Sparing Surgery- Radical Trachelectomy – may be considered in selected early cases desiring future childbearing. Remove only cervix and preserve upper part of uterus which is sutured to vagina
Pelvic Exenteration: is usually done in certain advance locoregional disease after chemoradiation failure. Extent of surgery is decided as tumor extent.
Surgery for precancerous lesions include cone excison/ simple hysterectomy
Chemotherapy - usually given along with radiation therapy or in metastatic disease as palliative.
Radiation Therapy - Preferably give along with chemotherapy as definitive chemoradiatherapy for large tumors and advance stage IIb onwards.
Have Healthy Diet
Exercise regularly
Safe sexual practices
Stop Smoking
Ask your doctor about the HPV vaccine.
| Stage | 5 years Survival |
|---|---|
| Localized (I/II) | >90% |
| Regional (III) | ~60% |
| IV | ~20% |
Best Doctor for Cervix Cancer in Gurgaon says first recognizable symptoms of cervical cancer are likely to include: abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as after intercourse, between menstruation, or after menopause; The time of menstruation may be heavier and last than usual. Pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge and odor.
According to best Doctor for Cervix Cancer in Gurgaon, Long-lasting infection with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV is a common virus that passes from one person to another during sex. At least half of the sexually active people will have HPV at some point in their lives, but some women will have cervical cancer.
It used to happen less often than it used to, but yes, it is possible to die of cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that approximately 605 people in the United States will die of cervical cancer in 2019–23 – September – 2019. Contact Cancer Surgery Gurugram surgery gurugram for cervix Cancer treatment in Gurgaon.
This warning sign is also very common with the onset of cervical cancer. If cervical cancer is deficient in oxygen, some cells may die, infecting the tumor. An infection is what creates a bad vaginal discharge. Contact Cancer Surgery Gurugram surgery gurugram for cervix cancer treatment in Gurgaon.
