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World's Best Docotor For Bladder Cancer In Gurgaon

Urinary Bladder or bladder is a urinary storage organ in lower abdomen. Kidneys excrete waste products of blood in urine, which than passes through ureter to get stored in bladder, from where urine is passed out of body through urethra.

specialist in gurgaon for bladder cancer

When cells of urinary bladder grow abnormally, they form bladder cancer.

  • Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Most bladder cancer are diagnosed very early when they are superficial and highly curable
  • Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: When cancer involve muscle layer of bladder.
Types of Urinary Bladder Cancer

  • Urothelial Carcinoma/ Transistional Cell Carcinoma: Most common type
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Rare. Associated with chronic irritation of urinary bladder or infection with parasite Schistosomiasis.
  • Adenocarcinoma: very rare.

Risk Factors

 Tobacco exposure

 Exposure to certain chemicals or industrial compounds e.g. heavy exposure of hair dyes, diesel fumes, rubber, leather, paint, textile industries.

 Chronic bladder infection

 Old Age

  Low intake of fluids

  Family history

  Certain previous chemotherapy drugs exposure

  Radiation Exposure

Alarming Signs:

  Bleeding while passing urine- most common symptom

  Pain during urination

  Frequent urination

  Feeling of passing urine but not able to pass

  Pelvic or back pain

  Unable to pass urine when tumor grow large and cause obstruction

Investigations

 Urine Routine Microscopy and Examination, Urinary analysis/ cytology for malignant cells.

 Cystoscopy: is endoscopic examination where a small tube with al camera is passed through urethra to look inside the urinary bladder

 Cystoscopy and Transurethral Resection of Bladder tumor (TURBT): All bladder tumor is excised by cystoscopy and tissue is sent for biopsy confirmation. Deeper muscle layer biopsy is also taken.

  Ultrasound: many times first investigation

  MRI: Helps in understanding the proper location and depth of tumor inside bladder.

  CT scan / PET CT : for local and distant spread of disease

Stages:

0: Cancer superficial over lining of the bladder.

 I: bladder cancer limited to inner lining and doesn’t involve the muscle layer.

  II: involve muscle layer.

 III: Involve tissues that surround the bladder or pelvic lymph node

IV: Spread to other organs of the body like lungs, bones, liver or distant lymph nodes.

Stage 0 and I are Non muscle invasive bladder cancer

Treatment

Non Muscle Invasive Bladder cancer: -Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) with or without intravesicle (inside urinary bladder) instillation of chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:


Surgery is most commonly performed curative treatment. Types of urinary bladder cancer surgeries include:

  Radical Cystectomy :entire urinary bladder and the surrounding lymph nodes are removed.

  Partial Cystectomy :only a small portion of the bladder that contains cancer is removed. A small cancer in part of urinary bladder away from ureter opening is a suitable case scenario.

  Neobladder :After a radical cystectomy an option for urinary diversion/ passage is neobladder reconstruction. A reservoir is made from a segment of intestine and attached to ureters and urethra for passing urine normally. Some people may need to use a catheter to remove urine from the neobladder.

  Ileal conduit : Urinary diversion is created from a small segment of intestine on which ureters are connected which drain urine from kidneys. The urine empties outside body into a pouch (urostomy bag) attached to abdomen.

  Chemotherapy

  Radiation Therapy

  Immunotherapy

Prevention

⦁ Avoid tobacco
⦁ Caution around chemicals
⦁ Drink lot of water/ fluids
⦁ Fresh fruits and vegetables
⦁ Avoid unnecessary radiation exposure
⦁ Genetic counselling and testing for at risk individuals

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